Deep H. Makadiya

Areas of Interest

  • Algebraic Groups
  • Chevalley Groups & Algebras
  • Lie Groups & Algebras
  • Representation Theory

List of Publications

*Items are listed in reverse chronological order.

Preprints

  • 6.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings with Elena I. Bunina — in preparation
  • 5.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type \(^3D_4\) over local rings with Elena I. Bunina — in preparation
  • 4.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type \(^2E_6\) over local rings with Elena I. Bunina — in preparation
  • 3.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type \(^2D_\ell\ (\ell \ge 4)\) over local rings with Elena I. Bunina — submitted arXiv
  • 2.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type \(^2A_3\) and \(^2A_4\) over local rings with Elena I. Bunina — submitted arXiv
  • 1.
    Automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups of type \(^2A_\ell\ (\ell \ge 5)\) over local rings with Elena I. Bunina — submitted arXiv

Published & Accepted

  • 3.
    Triangular and unitriangular factorization of twisted Chevalley groups with Shripad M. Garge — to appear in Israel Journal of Mathematics arXiv
  • 2.
    Normalizer of twisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings with Shripad M. Garge — Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, Vol. 229, No. 11 (2025), Paper No. 108094 DOI arXiv
  • 1.
    On normal subgroups of twisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings with Shripad M. Garge — Journal of Algebra, Vol. 688 (2026), pp. 587–659 DOI arXiv

Research Overview

  • 3.
    Classification of the automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups

    The automorphisms of the classical groups and of the untwisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings are by now understood. For the twisted groups the description was known only over fields. With Prof. Elena I. Bunina I have begun a programme to classify all automorphisms of twisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings, for which my earlier work with Prof. Shripad M. Garge provides the groundwork.

    We began with local rings. Across a series of papers we have shown that for types \(^2A_\ell\ (\ell \ge 5)\), \(^2D_\ell\ (\ell \ge 4)\), \(^2E_6\) and \(^3D_4\) over a local ring containing \(1/2\), every automorphism is standard. Types \(^2A_3\) and \(^2A_4\) are the exception: there an automorphism need not be standard. Precisely, a non-standard one exists when the residue field is \(\mathbf{F}_3\) and the skew-symmetric part of the annihilator of the Jacobson radical is non-zero. In every case the argument runs the same way — first for the elementary subgroup of adjoint type, then for the elementary subgroup attached to an arbitrary lattice, and finally for the full group.

    The commutative ring case builds on the local one. Again we begin with the adjoint elementary group, where the picture matches what we found over local rings, and pass by the same route to the elementary subgroup for an arbitrary lattice. Getting to the full group requires knowing the normalizer, which is the subject of another of my projects with Prof. Garge: we settled it for rings containing \(1/2\) that also carry an invertible skew-symmetric element. However, we are now redoing the proof to drop the latter hypothesis.

  • 2.
    Triangular and unitriangular factorization of twisted Chevalley groups

    Whether a group is a bounded product of its upper and lower (uni)triangular subgroups is a basic structural question, settled long ago for the untwisted Chevalley groups and for every twisted type except \(^2A_{2n}\). That type is set aside so often for a reason that is structural rather than incidental: the twisting identifies two adjacent nodes of the \(A_{2n}\) diagram — an \(A_2\) subsystem — where in every other twisted type the identified nodes are orthogonal. The root subgroup this produces is not abelian, and the commutator calculus that carries the other types through has nothing to work with. A. Smolensky had reached the case over finite fields and over the complex numbers; over general commutative rings it stayed open.

    Working with Prof. Shripad M. Garge, we introduced two classes of commutative rings — those satisfying a special stable range one condition, and those that are \(\theta\)-complete — and used them to establish triangular and unitriangular factorizations for type \(^2A_{2n}\) over a class of rings that takes in all fields, all local rings with mild restrictions, and several other familiar classes.

  • 1.
    Sandwich classification of normal subgroups of twisted Chevalley groups

    The sandwich classification of normal subgroups is a classical piece of the theory of classical and untwisted Chevalley groups over commutative rings. For the twisted groups the corresponding question was open in that generality.

    With Prof. Shripad M. Garge I settled it in my doctoral work. In fact we prove a stronger statement, about subgroups normalized by the elementary subgroup rather than only the normal ones: every subgroup \(H\) of a twisted Chevalley group \(G_\sigma(R)\) normalized by the elementary subgroup \(E'_\sigma(R)\) determines a unique \(\theta\)-invariant ideal \(J\) of \(R\) with \(E'_\sigma(R,J) \subseteq H \subseteq G_\sigma(R,J)\), and conversely, every subgroup lying between those two is normalized by \(E'_\sigma(R)\).